CONDITIONALS

من طرف **NO FEAR** 2010-09-14, 13:32

الجمل الشرطية

تنقسم الجمل الشرطية في اللغة الإنجليزية إلى 4 أنواع هي كالتالي:

Zero Conditional: certainty

تستخدم مع الحقائق و المسلمات

تركيب الجملة

IF	condition	result
	present simple	present simple
If	you heat ice	it melts.

و الصيغة بسيطة حيث نستخدم في الجزء الأول (الشرط) و الثاني (النتيجة) المضارع البسيط

للعلم يمكن أن نبدأ أو ننتهي بالشرط أو النتيجة

الأمثلة:

IF	condition	result
	present simple	present simple
If	I miss the 8 o'clock bus	I am late for work.
If	I am late for work	my boss gets angry.
If	people don't eat	they get hungry.
If	you heat ice	does it melt?

أو

result	IF	condition
present simple		present simple
I am late for work	if	I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry	if	I am late for work.
People get hungry	if	they don't eat.
Does ice melt	if	you heat it?

First Conditional: real possibility

يستخدم لما يمكن أن يتحقق أو يحصل

تركيب الجملة

IF	condition	result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	it rains	I will stay at home.

و الصيغة بسيطة حيث نستخدم في الجزء الأول (الشرط) المضارع البسيط في و الثاني (النتيجة) المستقبل البسيط

للعلم يمكن أن نبدأ أو ننتهي بالشرط أو النتيجة

الأمثلة:

IF	condition	result
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	I see Mary	I will tell her.
If	Tara is free tomorrow	he will invite her.
If	they do not pass their exam	their teacher will be sad.
If	it rains tomorrow	will you stay at home?
If	it rains tomorrow	what will you do?

أو

result	IF	condition
WILL + base verb		present simple
I will tell Mary	if	I see her.
He will invite Tara	if	she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad	if	they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home	if	it rains tomorrow?
What will you do	if	it

من طرف **NO FEAR** 2010-09-14, 13:33

Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream

يستخدم للتمني و الأحلام

تركيب الجملة

IF	condition	result
	past simple	WOULD + base verb
If	I won the lottery	I would buy a car.

الصيغة أصعب حيث نستخدم الماضي البسيط في الجزء الأول ( للشرط) و فعل ناقص + فعل في الجزء الثاني (النتيجة)

الأفعال الناقصة:
Can, could, would……. Etc.

للعلم يمكن أن نبدأ أو ننتهي بالشرط أو النتيجة

الأمثلة

IF	condition	result
	past simple	WOULD + base verb
If	I married Mary	I would be happy.
If	Ram became rich	she would marry him.
If	it snowed next July	would you be surprised?
If	it snowed next July	what would you do?

أو

result	IF	condition
WOULD + base verb		past simple
I would be happy	if	I married Mary.
She would marry Ram	if	he became rich.
Would you be surprised	if	it snowed next July?
What would you do	if	it snowed next July?

Third Conditional: no possibility

يستخدم مع ما لا يمكن أن يتحقق يتحقق (المستحيل)

تركيب الجملة

	condition	result
	Past Perfect	WOULD HAVE + Past Participle
If	I had won the lottery	I would have bought a car.

الصيغة معقدة للغاية حيث نستخدم الماضي التام في الجزء الأول (الشرط) و في الجزء الثاني (النتيجة) فعل ناقص + فعل مساعد (have) + فعل (تصريف ثالث)

للعلم يمكن أن نبدأ أو ننتهي بالشرط أو النتيجة

الأمثلة:

IF	condition	result
	past perfect	WOULD HAVE + past participle
If	I had seen Mary	I would have told her.
If	Tara had been free yesterday	I would have invited her.
If	they had not passed their exam	their teacher would have been sad.
If	it had rained yesterday	would you have stayed at home?
If	it had rained yesterday	what would you have done?

أو

result	IF	condition
WOULD HAVE + past participle		past perfect
I would have told Mary	if	I had seen her.
I would have invited Tara	if	she had been free yesterday.
Their teacher would have been sad	if	they had not passed their exam.
Would you have stayed at home	if	it had rained yesterday?
What would you have done